When we talk about the “most dangerous species in our country” that should be kept at a distance and not even touched, in Ukraine several candidates may come to mind, but the most frequently mentioned and perhaps the most threatening is the plant that causes severe burns when touched: the Sosnowsky’s bear’s foot (Ukrainian: Борщівник Сосновського, Borshchivnyk Sosnovskoho).

Although there are poisonous snakes (like vipers) and spiders (like the karakurt, a relative of the black widow) in Ukraine, the Sosnowsky’s bear’s foot is especially dangerous due to its widespread distribution and serious consequences.

The Sosnowsky’s bear’s foot (Borshchivnyk Sosnovskoho): The Most Dangerous Plant in Ukraine!

Sosnowsky’s hogweed is an invasive, aggressively spreading plant species that originated in the Caucasus in the 1950s and was introduced to the Soviet Union as a fodder crop. However, it soon turned out to be much more dangerous than first thought and is now a huge problem throughout Ukraine, including the Ternopil region.

Why is it so dangerous?

The sap of Sosnowsky’s hogweed, which is found in all parts of the plant (stems, leaves, flowers), contains furocoumarins. These compounds are not harmful in themselves, but are activated by ultraviolet radiation (sunlight) and cause severe photochemical burns to the skin.

Burns: 1-2 days after contact, red spots appear on the skin, followed by large, painful blisters that resemble 1st-3rd degree burns. These blisters heal slowly and often leave a dark, scarred discoloration (hyperpigmentation) that can last for years and may be sensitive to sunlight.
Eye damage: If the sap gets into the eyes, it can cause severe inflammation, even temporary or permanent vision loss.
Allergic reactions: It can cause a severe allergic reaction in some people.
Respiratory irritation: The essential oils in the air around the plant can cause respiratory irritation, especially in people with allergies.
Where is it found?
Sosnowsky’s bear’s foot is extremely hardy and spreads quickly. It is typically found:

On roadsides, abandoned areas.
On riverbanks, along streams.
On forest edges, clearings.
On the edges of agricultural land.
It grows quickly, reaching a height of 2-5 meters, with huge, umbrella-like inflorescences and large, lobed leaves.

How to keep your distance and avoid touching it?
Identification: Recognize the plant! (See the picture below for its characteristics.) It is easily recognized by its huge size, thick, hairy stems and large, fanned leaves.
Avoidance: Strictly avoid contact with the plant! Never try to hide under it or walk through it.
Protection: If contact is unavoidable (e.g. in the garden, when cleaning), wear thick, non-absorbent, closed clothing (long-sleeved shirt, long pants), gloves and safety glasses!
Children and animals: Pay special attention to children and pets! Explain the danger to children.
Awareness: Ternopil and all of Ukraine are constantly raising awareness about this dangerous plant. Be aware of bear’s foot areas in your area.
What to do if contact occurs?
If you get the sap of the bear’s foot on your skin:

Wash immediately: Immediately, but very carefully (do not rub the sap), wash the affected area with plenty of soapy water. It is important not to spread the sap further.
Avoid sunlight: Even after washing, avoid exposing the affected area to sunlight for at least 48 hours! Cover it with a cloth or bandage.

Seek medical attention: If blisters, severe pain, swelling or any more serious reaction occur, seek medical attention immediately! This is especially important if a large area of ​​skin is affected or if the sap gets into the eyes.
Although the bear’s foot is one of the most dangerous plants, other poisonous plants (e.g., ragweed, nightshade, lily of the valley) and animals (venomous snakes, karakurt spider) also occur in Ukraine. However, due to the severity of the damage caused by Sosnowsky’s bear’s foot and the widespread nature of the plant, extreme caution is required.

Keep your distance and don’t touch it! This is the best way to protect yourself from this dangerous species.